hiera and facts

为什么用hiera： https://docs.puppet.com/hiera/3.1/#why-hiera

• hierarchy层级体系。可以设置公共属性，也可以覆写！
• "注入"设置 class 中的属性值。
• hiera_include 通过配置来完成site.pp同样的功能，并且比 node 更加强大灵活（数组值可以合并）。

基本概念：

• hiera.yaml 默认配置文件放在 $codedir/hiera.yaml 。 结合puppet使用时可以通过修改 puppet.conf 的 hiera_config 自定义配置的文件。
• hierarchy hierarchy定义好可以简化很多工作量。如需要根据操作系统 %{::osfamily} 进行适配。
• datasource yaml格式介绍。

# windows cygwin命令行环境配置

winse@Lenovo-PC ~ $ cat bin/hiera #!/bin/sh

# default puppetlabs config in c:\Users\winse\Puppetlabs export HOME=/cygdrive/c/Users/winse

name=basename $0

# execute “C:/Progra~1/Puppet~1/Puppet/bin”/$name.bat “$@”

winse@Lenovo-PC ~ $ cat .bash_profile … function hiera_look(){ code_dir=puppet config print codedir | sed 's/\r//' ~/bin/hiera -c “$code_dir/hiera.yaml” --debug “$@” ::environment=production }

# HelloWorld

winse@Lenovo-PC /cygdrive/d/esw-shells/puppet/dta/code $ cat /cygdrive/c/Users/winse/.puppetlabs/etc/puppet/puppet.conf [main] codedir = D:/esw-shells/puppet/dta/code hiera_config = $codedir/hiera.yaml

certname = winse

winse@Lenovo-PC /cygdrive/d/esw-shells/puppet/dta/code $ cat hiera.yaml — :backends: - yaml :hierarchy: - “nodes/%{::trusted.certname}” - common

:yaml: :datadir: “D:/esw-shells/puppet/dta/code/environments/%{::environment}/hieradata”

winse@Lenovo-PC /cygdrive/d/esw-shells/puppet/dta/code $ cat environments/production/hieradata/common.yaml whoami: winse

winse@Lenovo-PC ~ $ hiera_look whoami DEBUG: 2016-05-03 11:27:41 +0100: Hiera YAML backend starting DEBUG: 2016-05-03 11:27:41 +0100: Looking up whoami in YAML backend DEBUG: 2016-05-03 11:27:41 +0100: Looking for data source common DEBUG: 2016-05-03 11:27:41 +0100: Found whoami in common winse

# 与Puppet结合使用

• https://docs.puppet.com/hiera/3.1/puppet.html
• https://docs.puppet.com/hiera/3.1/puppet.html#assigning-classes-to-nodes-with-hiera-hierainclude
• 单值属性重复优先级：就近原则 https://docs.puppet.com/hiera/3.1/hierarchy.html#example

# 参考案例

• https://docs.puppet.com/hiera/3.1/complete_example.html
• https://kisspuppet.gitbooks.io/puppet/content/puppet_learning_ext1.html

# 主要功能

• hiera获取puppet-facts的属性
• puppet读取hiera中的属性
• hiera注入设置puppet-module的属性： 获取到第一个就返回了(类似于hiera)，对于strings, arrays, hashes类型 cannot merge values from multiple hierarchy levels; 需要使用来 hiera_array or hiera_hash 代替。
• hiera_include

# 动手实践

winse@Lenovo-PC /cygdrive/d/esw-shells/puppet/dta/code/environments/production $ tree . . ├── hieradata │   ├── common.yaml │   └── nodes │   └── winse.yaml ├── manifests │   └── site.pp └── modules └── helloworld └── manifests └── init.pp

$ cat hieradata/common.yaml whoami: “%{calling_module} - %{calling_class} - %{calling_class_path} - %{::domain}”

$ cat hieradata/nodes/winse.yaml | iconv -f gbk -t utf8 — classes: - helloworld::hello - helloworld::world

# 文件编码需要与环境匹配，windows要GBK的 helloworld::hello::hello: 你好

$ cat modules/helloworld/manifests/init.pp

class helloworld::hello ($hello = “hello”){

notify {$hello : }

}

class helloworld::world {

notify {hiera(‘whoami’) : # 不推荐在module中使用hiera方法，这里仅为了演示获取calling_module等 }

}

$ cat manifests/site.pp

hiera_include(‘classes’)

$ puppet apply environments/production/manifests/site.pp Notice: Compiled catalog for winse in environment production in 0.28 seconds Notice: 你好 Notice: /Stage[main]/Helloworld::Hello/Notify[你好]/message: defined ‘message’ as ‘你好’ Notice: helloworld - helloworld::world - helloworld/world - DHCP HOST Notice: /Stage[main]/Helloworld::World/Notify[helloworld - helloworld::world - helloworld/world - DHCP HOST]/message: defined ‘message’ as ‘helloworld - helloworld::world - helloworld/world - DHCP HOST’ Notice: Applied catalog in 0.02 seconds

# 测试获取hiera变量 $ puppet apply -e “notice(hiera(‘whoami’))” Notice: Scope(Class[main]): - - - DHCP HOST Notice: Compiled catalog for winse in environment production in 0.05 seconds Notice: Applied catalog in 0.03 seconds

$ puppet apply -e “notice(hiera(‘classes’))” Notice: Scope(Class[main]): [helloworld::hello, helloworld::world] Notice: Compiled catalog for winse in environment production in 0.05 seconds Notice: Applied catalog in 0.02 seconds

# facts

• https://docs.puppet.com/facter/3.1/
• 系统自带指标 https://docs.puppet.com/facter/3.1/core_facts.html

# 自定义指标

• https://docs.puppet.com/facter/3.1/custom_facts.html
• Example https://docs.puppet.com/facter/3.1/fact_overview.html
• 《Learning Puppet4》

三种方式：

• 文件: yaml/json/txt。推荐放置到 modules/[name]/facts.d 目录下
• 可执行脚本输出键值对。推荐放置到 modules/[name]/facts.d 目录下，可执行脚本！
• ruby。放置到 modules/[name]/lib/facter 。custom facts should go in lib/facter/

$ cat environments/production/modules/helloworld/facts.d/simple_facts.yaml
---
my_fact: my_value

$ puppet facts find --debug | grep -iE "my_fact|helloworld"
Debug: Loading external facts from D:/esw-shells/puppet/dta/code/environments/production/modules/helloworld/facts.d
Debug: Facter: searching "D:/esw-shells\puppet\dta\code\environments\production\modules\helloworld\facts.d" for external facts.
Debug: Facter: resolving facts from YAML file "D:/esw-shells\puppet\dta\code\environments\production\modules\helloworld\facts.d\simple_facts.yaml".
Debug: Facter: fact "my_fact" has resolved to "my_value".
Debug: Facter: completed resolving facts from YAML file "D:/esw-shells\puppet\dta\code\environments\production\modules\helloworld\facts.d\simple_facts.yaml".
    "my_fact": "my_value",

winse@Lenovo-PC /cygdrive/d/esw-shells/puppet/dta/code
$ cat environments/production/modules/helloworld/lib/facter/users.rb
Facter.add('users') do
  setcode do
    ["winse", "winseliu"]
  end
end

$ puppet facts | grep -3 users
    "uptime_days": 0,
    "uptime_hours": 1,
    "uptime_seconds": 6980,
    "users": [
      "winse",
      "winseliu"
    ],

–END